Aged black garlic, a culinary staple, is gaining recognition for its unique flavor and remarkable health benefits. Garlic has long been celebrated for its medicinal properties. Aged black garlic is a fermented food with even more potency and health benefits. Recent research has uncovered the benefits of aged black garlic, particularly in relation to the cardiovascular system and the eyes, including glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. From improving optic nerve blood flow and reducing intraocular pressure to boosting HDL cholesterol levels and mitigating heart disease risks, aged black garlic is a versatile and powerful ally in promoting overall health.
What Is Aged Black Garlic?
Originating in East Asia, the recipe for black garlic is quite straightforward. Take fresh, raw garlic and ferment it between 140 degrees to 190 degrees Fahrenheit for 21 to 90 days. 1 2 3 This process induces the Maillard reaction, the chemical reaction between sugars and amino acids, which creates a scrumptious, complex flavor and turns the garlic dark brown.
You can follow a recipe for making black garlic at home using a dehydrator, rice cooker, or slow cooker. Or, purchase black garlic in whole or powdered form. Black garlic oil is a foundational condiment and ingredient in Asian cooking.
How to Use Aged Black Garlic
As a superfood, black garlic chunks can be eaten straight from the jar for a healthy snack. Chefs treasure black garlic in recipes, such as:
- Garlic and mushroom risotto
- Smoothies
- Hummus
- Chutney
- Vegan gravy
- Sauces
- Black garlic and tofu stir-fry
- Dipping sauce
- Noodles
- Ramen
Why Black Garlic Has Health Benefits
Garlic’s primary health-boosting compound is allicin, which is complemented by its high levels of antioxidants, 4 including flavonoids and polyphenols commonly found in fruits and vegetables. 5 Aged black garlic, in particular, contains higher concentrations of S-allyl-cysteine (SAC) compared to fresh garlic. SAC has been shown to significantly support cardiovascular health. Additionally, aged black garlic contains essential vitamins and minerals such as magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, selenium, and vitamins.
Aged Black Garlic and Vision Health
Glaucoma and Retinal Health
Enhancing optic nerve blood flow is crucial for improving visual acuity in glaucoma patients. Research indicates that garlic supplements can be beneficial in this regard. One study found that garlic not only enhances visual acuity but also reduces central macular thickness (CMT) and lowers intraocular pressure (IOP). 6 This makes garlic a potential complementary treatment for individuals with diabetic macular edema. 7
Garlic’s ability to contract the ciliary muscles aids in the outflow of aqueous humor, thereby reducing IOP. 8 Additionally, consuming garlic may help prevent IOP spikes following anti-VEGF treatment.
Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) is a leading cause of vision loss in individuals with diabetic retinopathy. This condition arises from the accumulation of extracellular fluid in the retina, which disrupts the retinal cell structure. Studies have shown that garlic can mitigate the process of neurodegeneration in the neural retina, as evidenced by animal models. 9
Ocular ischemia, resulting from vascular endothelium damage, is a primary cause of diabetic retinopathy and neural retina damage. Garlic consumption is suggested to enhance visual acuity by increasing ocular blood flow and shielding the neural retina from oxidative stress.
Garlic serves as a complementary treatment for diabetic retinopathy and has been demonstrated to improve outcomes when used alongside anti-VEGF therapy for DME. 10 11
Note: Garlic has anticoagulant and antihypertensive properties and may increase the tendency to bleed in susceptible patients. It is important to check with your doctor before adding garlic to your supplement regimen, especially if you are on blood-thinning medication or have a heart condition.
Cardiovascular Health
Garlic is beneficial for cardiovascular health, helping to maintain optimal levels of blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose. 12 One study revealed that consuming aged black garlic significantly improved eight different cardiovascular risk markers within just 12 weeks. 13 Another study found that aged black garlic increased HDL (good) cholesterol and reduced markers associated with heart disease. 14
Conclusion
Aged black garlic stands out as a potent superfood with extensive health benefits, particularly for cardiovascular and vision health. Its unique aging process enhances its medicinal properties, making it a valuable addition to a healthy diet. Whether you’re looking to improve your heart health, manage glaucoma, or support overall wellness, incorporating aged black garlic into your daily routine could be a game-changer. Always consult with your healthcare provider before making any significant changes to your supplement regimen or diet.
New Research
Macular Degeneration and Melatonin — New Research
Recent research from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and the Cole Eye Institute suggests that melatonin may lower the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In a cohort study involving 121,523 patients aged 50 and older with no prior history of AMD, taking melatonin was linked to a reduced risk of developing this eye condition. 15
Nitric Oxide and Glaucoma – New Research
A nitric oxide (NO)-donating prostaglandin analogue, NCX 470 0.1%, has been shown to be well-tolerated and more effective at lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) than latanoprost in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. This finding comes from a study published in the American Journal of Ophthalmology. 16 NO aids in reducing eye pressure by enhancing the outflow of vitreous humor. 17 18 Additionally, NO influences intercellular junctions and plays a crucial role in vascular permeability, which may contribute to reducing trabecular outflow resistance.19 20
Nitric oxide (NO) offers several benefits beyond eye health:
Cardiovascular Disease: NO improves conditions like angina pectoris and reverses ischemia. 21 As a potent vasodilator, NO acts as an endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), leading to the relaxation of smooth vascular muscles. 22
Gastrointestinal Health: NO helps reduce gastrointestinal spasms. 23
Systemic Role: NO plays a crucial role in various organ systems, including the cardiovascular, urogenital, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and immune systems. It is involved in vasodilation of smooth muscle, angiogenesis, platelet aggregation, and even regulates bone formation in the musculoskeletal system. 24
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Recommended Books
Natural Eye Care: Your Guide to Healthy Vision and Healing
Natural Parkinson’s Support: Your Guide to Preventing and Managing Parkinson’s
- Rais N, Ved A, Ahmad R, et al. S-Allyl-L-Cysteine — A garlic Bioactive: Physicochemical Nature, Mechanism, Pharmacokinetics, and health promoting activities. Journal of Functional Foods. 2023 2023/08/01/;107:105657. ↩
- Ryu JH, Kang D. Physicochemical Properties, Biological Activity, Health Benefits, and General Limitations of Aged Black Garlic: A Review. Molecules. 2017 Jun 1;22(6). ↩
- Ahmed T, Wang CK. Black Garlic and Its Bioactive Compounds on Human Health Diseases: A Review. Molecules. 2021 Aug 19;26(16). ↩
- Choi I. S., Cha H. S., Lee Y. S. Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of black garlic. Molecules . 2014;19(10):16811–16823. doi: 10.3390/molecules191016811. ↩
- Ibid. Rais N, Ved A, Ahmad R, et al. ↩
- Chu T. C., Ogidigben M., Han J. C., Potter D. E. Allicin-induced hypotension in rabbit eyes. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics . 1993;9(3):201–209. doi: 10.1089/jop.1993.9.201. ↩
- J Diabetes Res. 2022; 2022: 6620661. Published online 2022 Jul 14. doi: 10.1155/2022/6620661PMCID: PMC9303161 PMID: 35875346 Evaluation of the Effect of Garlic Tablet as a Complementary Treatment for Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy ↩
- Kampougeris G., Spyropoulos D., Mitropoulou A. Intraocular pressure rise after anti-VEGF treatment: prevalence, possible mechanisms and correlations. Journal of Current Glaucoma Practice. 2013;7(1):19–24. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10008-1132. ↩
- Arafat E. A., Youssef E. M., Khalaf H. A. The possible alleviating effect of garlic supplement on the neural retina in a rat model of hypercholesterolemia: a histological and immunohistochemical study. European Journal of Histochemistry: EJH . 2021;65(4) doi: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3322. ↩
- Lafuente M., Ortín L., Argente M., et al. Three-year outcomes in a randomized single-blind controlled trial of intravitreal ranibizumab and oral supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid and antioxidants for diabetic macular edema. Retina. 2019;39(6):1083–1090. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000002114 ↩
- Lafuente M., Ortín L., Argente M., et al. Combined intravitreal ranibizumab and oral supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid and antioxidants for diabetic macular edema: two-year randomized single-blind controlled trial results. Retina. 2017;37(7):1277–1286. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000001363. ↩
- https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/prevention.htm ↩
- Nirvanashetty S. High Potency Aged Garlic Extract reduces Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Healthy Participants: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Study. Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2023 September 20, 2023;6(1). ↩
- Nutrition. 2014 Sep;30(9):1034-9. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.02.014. Epub 2014 Mar 12. ↩
- Jeong H, Shaia JK, Markle JC, Talcott KE, Singh RP. Melatonin and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. JAMA Ophthalmol. Published online June 06, 2024. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2024.1822 ↩
- Fechtner R, Mansberger S, Branch J, Mulaney J, Ziebell S, Lopez K, Hubatsch D. A Randomized, Controlled Comparison of NCX 470, a Nitric Oxide-Donating Bimatoprost, and Latanoprost in Subjects with Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension: The MONT BLANC Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2024 Mar 16;264:66-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.03.002. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38499140. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38499140/ ↩
- Dismuke WM, et al. NO-induced regulation of human trabecular meshwork cell volume and aqueous humor outflow facility involve the BKCa ion channel. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2008;294(6):C1378–C1386. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00363.20 ↩
- Ellis D, et al. Characterization of soluble guanylate cyclase in NO-induced increases in aqueous humor outflow facility and in the trabecular meshwork. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50(4):1808–1813. doi: 10.1167/iovs.08-2750. ↩
- Moncada S, et al. Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev. 1991;43(2):109–142. ↩
- Predescu D, et al. Constitutive eNOS-derived nitric oxide is a determinant of endothelial junctional integrity. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2005;289(3):L371–L381. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00175.2004. ↩
- Arnold W, et al. Nitric oxide activates guanylate cyclase and increases guanosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate levels in various tissue preparations. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1977;1977:3203–3207. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.8.3203. ↩
- Garcia-Calvo M, et al. Purification and reconstitution of the high-conductance, calcium activated potassium channel from tracheal smooth muscle. J Biol Chem. 1994;269(1994):676–682 ↩
- Michel T, Loscalzo J. Nitroglycerin and nitric oxide—a rondo of themes in cardiovascular therapeutics. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(18):1788–1789. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1510178. ↩
- Antosova M, et al. Nitric oxide—important messenger in human body. Open J Mol Integr Physiol. 2012;02(03):98. doi: 10.4236/ojmip.2012.23014. ↩