Ultraviolet Light Linked to Eye Disease and Skin Damage: UV Safety

July is Ultraviolet Safety Month, a crucial time to raise awareness about the dangers of UV rays and the importance of protecting our eyes and skin. Ultraviolet radiation, a type of energy produced by the sun, can have serious health implications if proper precautions are not taken. Why is UV safety important? What are the sources of ultraviolet radiation? How can you keep yourself and your loved ones safe from the harmful effects of UV rays?

Understanding UV Rays

UV rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation that comes from the sun and artificial sources like tanning beds. There are three types of ultraviolet rays: UVA, UVB, and UVC.

UVC rays are absorbed by the Earth’s atmosphere and do not reach us.

UVA rays penetrate deeply into the skin, causing premature aging and contributing to the development of skin cancer. They also can penetrate deeper into the eye, reaching the lens and the retina. The damage to the lens can lead to cataracts. UVA rays increase free radical activity in the retina, at the back of the eye, which can contribute to the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

UVB rays are less penetrating than UVA rays but can still cause significant damage. Sunburns are caused by UVB rays. UVB rays play a significant role in the development of skin cancer. They can also damage the cornea, causing temporary “snow blindness,” conjunctival damage (“surfer’s eye”), and lens damage that can lead to cataracts.

UV radiation is linked to a rare form of cancer called “conjunctival melanoma”.

Sources of Ultraviolet Radiation

The most common source of ultraviolet light is the sun. This perpetual nuclear reaction in the sky gives life to Earth’s flora and fauna. However, greenhouse gas emissions, especially from burning fossil fuels, have damaged the atmosphere. More of the sun’s rays shine through our protective atmosphere, and our bodies are not adapted to managing these rapid changes.

Artificial sources of UV light can also cause harm. Especially problematic are:

• Tanning lamps and UVB medical lamps emit UVA and/or UVB
• Halogen lamps emit significant levels of ultraviolet light. They should be doped or covered by glass.
• Fluorescent bulbs emit varying levels of ultraviolet radiation. Use bulbs with the lowest irradiance. Many have a UV-absorbing filter.

Blue Light

Blue light is also part of the light spectrum that increases free radical activity in the eyes. Due to the use of portable devices, exposure to blue light has risen dramatically over the years.

You can reduce this exposure by wearing blue light-blocking glasses when using portable devices. Or, put a blue light filter on your phones and on computer screens. The filter can be physical, or you can turn on a blue light filter in the software. Never start at screens when there is no ambient light in the room.

The Risks of Ultraviolet Exposure

Prolonged exposure to UV rays can lead to severe health problems, including skin cancer, premature aging, and eye damage. Understanding these risks is the first step toward effective UV protection.

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the United States. UV radiation is a major risk factor for all types of skin cancer, including melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Protecting your skin from UV rays is essential to reduce your risk of developing skin cancer.

Premature Aging

Ultraviolet exposure accelerates the skin’s aging process, leading to wrinkles, age spots, and loss of skin elasticity. This condition, known as photoaging, can make you look older than you are.

Eye Damage

UV rays can cause serious eye conditions such as cataracts, macular degeneration, and photokeratitis (sunburn of the cornea, or “snow blindness”). Ultraviolet light can also harm the conjunctiva, leading to pterygium and even conjunctival cancer.

Eye Diseases Linked to Ultraviolet Exposure

Cataracts

Cataracts are a clouding of the eye’s lens, leading to decreased vision. UV exposure, particularly UVB rays, has been identified as a significant risk factor for cataract formation. A study published in Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science found that UVB radiation can induce oxidative stress in the lens, leading to cataract development ¹. This oxidative stress results in the aggregation of lens proteins, which is a key factor in cataractogenesis. Another study in the American Journal of Ophthalmology confirmed the correlation between UV exposure and increased cataract risk ². The study highlighted that individuals with higher cumulative UV exposure had a significantly greater likelihood of developing cataracts, underscoring the importance of UV protection.

Macular Degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults. UV radiation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of AMD. Research published in Ophthalmic Research suggests that UV exposure can damage the retinal pigment epithelium, contributing to the development of AMD ³. This damage is due to the generation of reactive oxygen species, which can lead to cellular damage and death in the retinal cells. Additionally, a study in Archives of Ophthalmology found that cumulative UV exposure is associated with a higher risk of AMD ⁴. The study concluded that individuals with prolonged UV exposure had a significantly increased risk of developing advanced AMD, emphasizing the need for protective eyewear.

Photokeratitis

Photokeratitis, also known as “snow blindness,” is an acute condition caused by intense UV exposure, leading to inflammation of the cornea. A study in Photochemistry and Photobiology demonstrated that UVB radiation could cause significant damage to corneal epithelial cells, resulting in photokeratitis ⁵. The study found that UVB exposure led to cellular apoptosis (cell death) and inflammatory responses in the cornea. Symptoms of photokeratitis include pain, redness, tearing, and temporary vision loss, highlighting the importance of eye protection in environments with high UV exposure.

Pterygium

Pterygium is a growth of tissue on the white part of the eye that can extend over the cornea, affecting vision. UV exposure is a known risk factor for pterygium development. Research published in Cornea found a strong association between UV exposure and the prevalence of pterygium ⁶. The study indicated that individuals with higher UV exposure had a significantly increased risk of developing pterygium, particularly those who spend extended periods outdoors. Another study in the British Journal of Ophthalmology supported these findings, indicating that UV radiation plays a crucial role in pterygium formation ⁷. The study emphasized that UV-induced damage to the conjunctival and corneal cells is a key factor in the pathogenesis of pterygium.

Conjunctival Cancer

Conjunctival cancer is a rare but serious condition linked to UV exposure. A study in Ophthalmology highlighted the role of UV radiation in the development of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma ⁸. The study found that UV exposure was a significant risk factor for the development of this type of cancer, with UV-induced DNA damage being a primary mechanism. Further research in Acta Ophthalmologica confirmed that UV exposure is a significant risk factor for conjunctival melanoma ⁹. The study concluded that individuals with higher UV exposure had a markedly increased risk of developing conjunctival cancer, underscoring the need for effective UV protection measures.

UV Safety Tips

Protecting yourself from the harmful effects of UV rays is crucial. Here are some practical tips to help you stay safe:

Wear Sunscreen

Applying a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 can protect your skin from both UVA and UVB rays. Remember to reapply every two hours, or more often if you’re swimming or sweating.

Use Protective Clothing

Wearing long-sleeved shirts, pants, and wide-brimmed hats can provide additional protection for your skin. Look for clothing with a UPF (Ultraviolet Protection Factor) rating for maximum protection.

Wear Sunglasses

Protect your eyes by wearing sunglasses that block 100% of UVA and UVB rays. Wraparound styles offer the best protection, preventing UV rays from entering from the sides. Amber lenses completely neutralize blue light, and allow more light to see. Also, make sure the lenses are polarized to help reduce glare. For those that are light sensitive, darker sunglasses with brown or gray lenses may be better.

Seek Shade

Avoid direct sunlight during peak UV hours, typically between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. If you need to be outside, seek shade under an umbrella, tree, or other shelter.

Avoid Tanning Beds

Tanning beds emit UV radiation that can be more intense than the sun. Avoiding tanning beds can significantly reduce your risk of skin cancer and premature aging. If you must use them, wear tanning bed goggles every time.

Check the UV Index

The UV Index provides a daily forecast of the expected risk of overexposure to UV radiation. Check the UV Index in your area and take appropriate precautions based on the level of UV radiation.

The Importance of Regular Checks

Regular skin checks are essential for early detection of skin cancer. Perform self-examinations monthly and look for any changes in the size, shape, or color of moles or other skin lesions. If you notice anything suspicious, consult a dermatologist promptly.

Dilated eye exams are important for catching eye disease early. Seniors are the most vulnerable to eye disease. Over the age of 60, they need an eye exam every 1 to 2 years.

Nutrients That Protect The Eyes and Filter out UV and Blue Light

The following antioxidants help protect against the affects of UV and blue light and support healthy vision: lutein, zeaxanthin, meso zeaxanthin and astaxanthin.

These can be found in many foods, including green, leafy vegetables, corn, orange and red peppers, eggs, and berries, which are excellent sources of antioxidants. Processed algae, such as spirulina and chlorella, can also be beneficial.

Conclusion

Whenever you are exposed to ultraviolet light, be sure to protect your eyes and skin. The sun and artificial sources such as tanning beds can cause severe health issues. This includes skin cancer, premature aging, and various eye diseases. Prolonged UV exposure has been linked to cataracts, macular degeneration, photokeratitis, pterygium, and conjunctival cancer. Wear broad-spectrum sunscreen, protective clothing, and sunglasses that block 100% of UVA and UVB rays. Avoid direct sunlight during peak UV hours, seek shade, and steer clear of tanning beds. Regular skin and eye checks are essential for early detection of potential issues. By taking these precautions, you can significantly reduce the risk of UV-related health problems and enjoy the outdoors safely.

Supplement Recommendations

Advanced Eye & Vision Support Formula (whole food, non-GMO) Eye Formula –  60 vcaps

Dr. Grossman’s Meso Formula With Astaxanthin – 90 vcaps – with lutein, zeaxanthin, mesozeaxanthin, astaxanthin, taurine, algae.

Dr. Grossman’s Meso Formula Ocular Health in Digital Age – 90 vcaps

Advanced Eye and Vision Support / Meso Plus Combo (3 month supply)

Dr. Grossman’s Advanced Eye and Dr. G’s Whole Food Superfood Multi120 Vcap Combo – 2 months supply

Retinal Support (wild-crafted herbal formula) 2 oz

Taurine Extra Strength 1000 mg 100 vcaps (TAU30)

NMN Wonderfeel Capsul 60 vegcaps – helps protect the optic nerve and retinal cells from damage, boosts immunity, improves mitochondrial action neuronal function in the brain.

Recommended Books

Natural Eye Care: Your Guide to Healthy Vision and Healing

Natural Parkinson’s Support (ebook): Your Guide to Preventing and Managing Parkinson’s

Natural Brain Support: Your Guide to Preventing and Treating Alzheimer’s, Dementia, and Other Related Diseases Naturally

References